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Process

Horizontal Gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer

Movement of genetic material between organisms outside parent-to-offspring inheritance.

Overview

EXPLORE BY LEVEL

Microbes can sometimes acquire DNA from other cells or from their surroundings. This can give them new traits, such as the ability to resist a medicine.

Quick Facts

AT A GLANCE
TopicMicrobiology & Immunity

Follow the Connections

See how Horizontal Gene transfer links to other biological records.

Open network
ProcessBacterial TransformationincludesProcessBacterial TransductionincludesProcessBacterial ConjugationincludesProcessAntimicrobial Resistancecan spread by
All 4 Structured Connections
Horizontal Gene transfer · ProcessINCLUDES →Bacterial Transformation · Process
Horizontal Gene transfer · ProcessINCLUDES →Bacterial Transduction · Process
Horizontal Gene transfer · ProcessINCLUDES →Bacterial Conjugation · Process
Antimicrobial Resistance · ProcessCAN SPREAD BY →Horizontal Gene transfer · Process

Recommended Reading

Trusted references for learning more about Horizontal Gene transfer.

textbookStructure of Prokaryotes: Bacteria and ArchaeaOpenStax Biology 2e guideOrigins of Antibiotic ResistanceHHMI BioInteractive
Research Claims

Horizontal transfer is mediated by mobile genetic elements, uptake systems, phages, and cell-contact mechanisms. Ecological context, selection, and compatibility shape gene retention and spread.