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MoleculeMETABOLITE RECORD

NAD+

Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron acceptor.

GlycolysisHomo sapiens
REFERENCE IDENTIFIERCHEBI:15846ChEBI record
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accepts electrons in reactions that break down fuel. After accepting them, it becomes .

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Record type: molecule. Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an electron acceptor.
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Connected records

14 links
Used inGlycolysisUsed inPyruvate oxidationUsed inCitric acid cycleProduced inOxidative phosphorylationUsed inFatty acid β-oxidationUsed inBranched-chain amino acid catabolismHandled byGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseHandled byPyruvate dehydrogenase complex
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Handled byNAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenaseHandled by2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexHandled byMitochondrial malate dehydrogenaseHandled byRespiratory complex IHandled byMitochondrial trifunctional proteinHandled byBranched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase complex
STRUCTURED REACTIONS

Where it appears

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6

Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

G3P is oxidized. NAD+ picks up electrons to become NADH, and a phosphate is added to form a high-energy acyl-phosphate.

Glycolysis · reversible
1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

The multienzyme complex oxidizes pyruvate, releases CO2, and forms acetyl-CoA and NADH.

Pyruvate oxidation · irreversible
3

First oxidative decarboxylation

NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase produces 2-oxoglutarate, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
4

Second oxidative decarboxylation

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex forms succinyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
8

Oxaloacetate regeneration

Malate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
1

NADH oxidation at complex I

Complex I transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and pumps protons.

Oxidative phosphorylation · irreversible
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4

Second oxidation

The hydroxyacyl intermediate is oxidized to 3-ketoacyl-CoA, producing NADH.

Fatty acid β-oxidation · irreversible