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MoleculeMETABOLITE RECORD

NADH

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which carries electrons away from glycolysis.

GlycolysisHomo sapiens
REFERENCE IDENTIFIERCHEBI:16908ChEBI record
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Learn about NADH

carries high-energy electrons away from reactions such as glycolysis. Those electrons can help power ATP production.

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Record type: molecule. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which carries electrons away from glycolysis.
QUICK FACTS

At a glance

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Connected records

14 links
Produced inGlycolysisProduced inPyruvate oxidationProduced inCitric acid cycleUsed inOxidative phosphorylationProduced inFatty acid β-oxidationProduced inBranched-chain amino acid catabolismHandled byGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseHandled byPyruvate dehydrogenase complex
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Handled byNAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenaseHandled by2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexHandled byMitochondrial malate dehydrogenaseHandled byRespiratory complex IHandled byMitochondrial trifunctional proteinHandled byBranched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase complex
STRUCTURED REACTIONS

Where it appears

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6

Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

G3P is oxidized. NAD+ picks up electrons to become NADH, and a phosphate is added to form a high-energy acyl-phosphate.

Glycolysis · reversible
1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

The multienzyme complex oxidizes pyruvate, releases CO2, and forms acetyl-CoA and NADH.

Pyruvate oxidation · irreversible
3

First oxidative decarboxylation

NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase produces 2-oxoglutarate, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
4

Second oxidative decarboxylation

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex forms succinyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
8

Oxaloacetate regeneration

Malate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
1

NADH oxidation at complex I

Complex I transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and pumps protons.

Oxidative phosphorylation · irreversible
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4

Second oxidation

The hydroxyacyl intermediate is oxidized to 3-ketoacyl-CoA, producing NADH.

Fatty acid β-oxidation · irreversible