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MoleculeMETABOLITE RECORD

Proton

Hydrogen ion released with NADH when G3P is oxidized.

GlycolysisHomo sapiens
REFERENCE IDENTIFIERCHEBI:15378ChEBI record
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Record type: molecule. Hydrogen ion released with NADH when G3P is oxidized.
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At a glance

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Connected records

14 links
Produced inGlycolysisProduced inPyruvate oxidationProduced inCitric acid cycleUsed inOxidative phosphorylationProduced inFatty acid β-oxidationHandled byGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseHandled byPyruvate dehydrogenase complexHandled byCitrate synthase
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Handled byNAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenaseHandled by2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexHandled byMitochondrial malate dehydrogenaseHandled byCytochrome c oxidaseHandled byATP synthase (complex V)Handled byMitochondrial trifunctional protein
STRUCTURED REACTIONS

Where it appears

Open metabolism map
6

Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

G3P is oxidized. NAD+ picks up electrons to become NADH, and a phosphate is added to form a high-energy acyl-phosphate.

Glycolysis · reversible
1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction

The multienzyme complex oxidizes pyruvate, releases CO2, and forms acetyl-CoA and NADH.

Pyruvate oxidation · irreversible
1

Citrate formation

Citrate synthase condenses acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
3

First oxidative decarboxylation

NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase produces 2-oxoglutarate, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
4

Second oxidative decarboxylation

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex forms succinyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
8

Oxaloacetate regeneration

Malate dehydrogenase oxidizes malate to oxaloacetate and NADH.

Citric acid cycle · irreversible
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4

Oxygen reduction at complex IV

Cytochrome c oxidase transfers four electrons to one oxygen molecule and forms two waters.

Oxidative phosphorylation · irreversible
5

ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis

ATP synthase uses proton flow to drive ATP formation from ADP and phosphate.

Oxidative phosphorylation · irreversible
4

Second oxidation

The hydroxyacyl intermediate is oxidized to 3-ketoacyl-CoA, producing NADH.

Fatty acid β-oxidation · irreversible