Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
G3P is oxidized. NAD+ picks up electrons to become NADH, and a phosphate is added to form a high-energy acyl-phosphate.
Glycolysis · reversibleBUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Learn about Inorganic phosphate
Inorganic phosphate is a small molecule that cells make, use, or change in connected metabolic reactions.
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QUICK FACTS
At a glance
FOLLOW THE BIOLOGY
26 linksConnected records
Used inGlycolysisProduced inGluconeogenesisUsed inGlycogen metabolismUsed inCitric acid cycleUsed inOxidative phosphorylationProduced inFatty acid synthesisProduced inCholesterol biosynthesisProduced inUrea cycle
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Produced inPurine nucleotide synthesisProduced inPyrimidine nucleotide synthesisHandled byGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseHandled byPyruvate carboxylaseHandled byFructose-1,6-bisphosphataseHandled byGlycogen phosphorylaseHandled bySuccinyl-CoA synthetaseHandled byATP synthase (complex V)Handled byATP-citrate lyaseHandled byAcetyl-CoA carboxylaseHandled byMevalonate diphosphate decarboxylaseHandled byCarbamoyl-phosphate synthetase IHandled byOrnithine transcarbamylaseHandled byGAR synthetaseHandled byFGAM synthetaseHandled byAIR synthetaseHandled bySAICAR synthetaseHandled byCAD multifunctional enzyme
STRUCTURED REACTIONS
Open metabolism map Where it appears
Carboxylation of pyruvate
Pyruvate gains a carbon dioxide equivalent to form oxaloacetate, using ATP and biotin.
Gluconeogenesis · irreversibleFructose 1,6-bisphosphate dephosphorylation
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase bypasses the irreversible PFK-1 step by hydrolysis.
Gluconeogenesis · irreversiblePhosphorolysis of glycogen
Glycogen phosphorylase releases glucose 1-phosphate from non-reducing chain ends.
Glycogen metabolism · irreversibleGTP formation
Succinyl-CoA synthetase couples thioester cleavage to GTP formation.
Citric acid cycle · irreversibleATP synthesis by chemiosmosis
ATP synthase uses proton flow to drive ATP formation from ADP and phosphate.
Oxidative phosphorylation · irreversibleShow 11 more reaction records
Cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply
ATP-citrate lyase provides cytosolic acetyl-CoA from exported citrate.
Fatty acid synthesis · irreversibleMalonyl-CoA formation
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase uses ATP and biotin to make malonyl-CoA.
Fatty acid synthesis · irreversibleIsopentenyl diphosphate formation
Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase produces the five-carbon isoprene unit IPP.
Cholesterol biosynthesis · irreversibleCarbamoyl phosphate synthesis
CPS1 uses two ATP to combine ammonia and bicarbonate into carbamoyl phosphate.
Urea cycle · irreversibleCitrulline formation
Ornithine transcarbamylase transfers the carbamoyl group to ornithine.
Urea cycle · irreversibleGlutamine-dependent nitrogen addition
FGAM synthetase supplies another ring nitrogen from glutamine.
Purine nucleotide synthesis · irreversibleImidazole ring closure
AIR synthetase closes the first purine ring.
Purine nucleotide synthesis · irreversibleAspartate addition
SAICAR synthetase adds aspartate to CAIR using ATP.
Purine nucleotide synthesis · irreversibleCarbamoyl phosphate formation
The CAD enzyme complex forms cytosolic carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine and bicarbonate.
Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis · irreversibleAspartate addition and ring closure
CAD adds aspartate and closes the ring to form dihydroorotate.
Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis · irreversible