Explore the archive
Ask a biology question, or look up a molecule, gene, pathway, or identifier.
Molecular complexes
20 recordsmTORC1 · Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
A nutrient- and growth-responsive protein complex that coordinates cell growth with protein synthesis, nutrient use, and autophagy. It contains MTOR, RPTOR, and other subunits; it is not a single protein.
Adult Hemoglobin A · hemoglobin alpha2-beta2 tetramer
Hemoglobin A is the main adult hemoglobin, assembled from two alpha-globin and two beta-globin subunits, each bound to heme.
Antibody
An antigen-binding immunoglobulin made by B-lineage cells that can neutralize targets or recruit other immune mechanisms.
Chromatin
DNA packaged with proteins and other molecules that organize chromosomes and influence access to genetic information.
Chromosome
A DNA molecule together with associated proteins and other components that organize and transmit genetic information.
Class IA PI3K · Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase heterodimer
A regulatory p85 subunit and catalytic p110 subunit form a lipid kinase complex. When activated, it can convert PIP2 to PIP3, helping recruit AKT and other signaling proteins to the membrane.
EGFR–HER2 Heterodimer · EGFR–ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase heterodimer
A representative ERBB receptor pair. Ligand-bound EGFR can pair with HER2; HER2 has no established soluble ligand of its own and can feed both MAPK and PI3K signaling through receptor-associated complexes.
Hemoglobin S
A hemoglobin tetramer containing sickle beta-globin subunits; deoxygenated molecules can polymerize under susceptible intracellular conditions.
Immunoglobulin G
A major class of secreted antibody composed of two heavy and two light chains.
LDL Particle
A circulating lipoprotein particle that carries cholesterol and is recognized by LDL receptors through apolipoprotein B-100.